Russian Federation
This article examines the mechanism for seizing property in criminal proceedings. This topic is particularly relevant, as the protection of private property rights is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which prohibits the forced seizure of property except by court order. The authors analyzed legislative changes, the positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, and case law related to the issue under consideration. The study determined that a mere instruction in a verdict to maintain the seizure of a convicted person's property cannot determine the fate of that property if the operative part does not specifically authorize the foreclosure of the seized items. Further actions regarding the seized property must be taken through foreclosure, until which time the seizure remains in effect. The study indicates that the seizure of a portion of the property of a legal entity declared bankrupt may be maintained to an extent sufficient to satisfy the justified claims of the victim (civil plaintiff) in a criminal case, and also, taking into account the fact that the person who has suffered harm as a result of the crime, based on the relevant decision of the arbitration court, will be classified as a third-priority creditor and will be deprived of the opportunity to satisfy his claims within the framework of the bankruptcy case. The authors determined that the completion of the preliminary investigation and the referral of the criminal case to the court for its resolution on the merits should not be an obstacle to appealing the court decision to seize property through the appellate procedure.
Criminal proceedings, the mechanism of criminal procedural regulation, coercive measures, seizure of property, assessment of the proportionality of property subject to seizure, appeal of the decision to seize property.
1. Gaponova V.N., Lukyanova A.A., Antonov V.A. Ogranicheniye i prekrashcheniye prava sobstvennosti v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [Limitation and termination of property rights in criminal proceedings]. Kriminalistika: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. – Forensic science: yesterday, today, tomorrow. 2024. № 2(30). P. 77-88 (in Russian).
2. Bakhta A.S. Mekhanizm ugolovno-protsessual'nogo regulirovaniya [The mechanism of criminal procedural regulation]: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. . –. dis. ... Doctor of Law. Moskva, 2011. – 518 p. (in Russian).
3. Gladysheva O.V. Teoreticheskaya model' mekhanizmov obespecheniya prav zakonnykh interesov cheloveka i grazhdanina v ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [A theoretical model of mechanisms for ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of individuals and citizens in criminal proceedings]: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. – dis. ... doctor of Law. Moskva, 2013. 478 p. (in Russian).
4. Rudich V.V. Mekhanizm primeneniya mer presecheniya v rossijskom ugolovnom sudoproizvodstve [The mechanism of applying preventive measures in Russian criminal proceedings]: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. – diss. ... doctor of Law. - Ulyanovsk, 2020. 538 p. (in Russian).
5. Myadzelets O.A. Institut vozmeshcheniya vreda, prichinennogo licu nezakonnym primeneniem mer processual'nogo prinuzhdeniya : teoriya, zakonodatel'stvo, pravoprimenenie [Institute of compensation for harm caused to a person by the illegal application of procedural coercive measures: theory, legislation, law enforcement]: dis. … d-ra yurid. nauk. – diss. ... doctor of Law. - Moscow, 2025. - 360 p. (in Russian).
6. Smirnov V.P., Kudryavtseva A.V. SHirota i svoboda obzhalovaniya kak obshchee uslovie apellyacionnogo proizvodstva v ugolovnom processe Rossii [Breadth and freedom of appeal as a general condition of appellate proceedings in criminal proceedings in Russia]. Vestnik YUzhno-Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pravo. – Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Law. 2013. Vol. 13, № 3. P. 28-37 (in Russian).
