Russian Federation
Introduction: In modern conditions, attention has naturally increased to the problems of countering crimes committed by officials using their official position. Historical experience is gaining key importance. It is no coincidence that over the past decade, the study of manifestations of various types of illegal acts and ways to counteract them has noticeably intensified. The object of the study is the causes and factors that caused the spread of official crime in the territory of Eastern Siberia as an independent group of illegal acts, the subject is the factors and conditions accompanying this process. The purpose of the study is to determine the causes, content, trends and patterns of the spread of various forms of illegal acts carried out by royal governors - voivodes and officials of the new formation – governors in the course of their official activities.. Methods and Materials: The paper uses the method of historical materialism, as well as methodological tools of comparative legal research, analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction. The Results of the Study: The paper identifies the causes, content, trends and patterns of the spread of various forms of official crime in Eastern Siberia in the second half of the XVIII century. Findings and Conclusions: The significant distance from the decision-making center, the proximity of China's borders, significant reserves of furs and the disenfranchisement of the foreign population, integrated by feeding traditions, predetermined the special features of the illegal activities of the Siberian bureaucracy. The lack of an effective system of control over the activities of the Siberian bureaucracy only aggravated the current situation. Without changing the conditions that contributed to the spread of official crime, and creating a system of legal restrictions and prohibitions, the above methods did not have the desired effect. The illegal activities of provincial officials in Eastern Siberia, when their decisions and actions related to the performance of official duties clearly went beyond the established powers and violated existing laws, became widespread and had a significant impact on the effectiveness of local administration.
official crime, abuse of authority, illegal acts, abuse, governor, official, administration
1. Shiryaev V.N. Vzyatochnichestvo i lihodatel'stvo v svyazi s obshchim ucheniem o dolzhnostnyh prestupleniyah (ugolovno-yuridicheskoe issledovanie) [Bribery and fraud in connection with the general doctrine of official crimes (criminal law research)]. Yaroslavl, 1916, 570 p.
2. Chekurda A.E. Predposylki stanovleniya organov nadzora v Rossii na rubezhe XVII–XVIII vv. [Prerequisites for the formation of supervisory authorities in Russia at the turn of the XVII–XVIII centuries]. Vestnik Omskogo yuridicheskogo instituta – Vestnik of the Omsk Law Institute. 2011, no. 3 (16), pp. 8-11.
3. Ogloblin N.N. Obozrenie stolbcov i knig Sibirskogo prikaza (1592-1768 gg.) v 4 chastyah [Review of columns and books of the Siberian Order (1592-1768) in 4 parts]. Moscow, 1895, Part 1. 430 p.
4. Sysoev A.A. Lihoimstvo kak proyavlenie dolzhnostnoj prestupnosti na territorii Vostochnoj Sibiri v konce XVII-nachale XVIII stoletij [Extortion as a manifestation of official crime in the territory of Eastern Siberia at the end of the XVII-beginning of the XVIII centuries]. Vestnik Vostochno-Sibirskogo instituta MVD Rossii – Vestnik of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2025, no. 1 (112), pp. 46.
5. Zolnikova N.D. Detective D.L. Polyanskogo i pis'ma i "pis'ma" Izbranta Idesa [Polyansky and letters and "letters" of Robert Ides].Publicistika i istoricheskie sochineniya perioda feodalizma – Journalism and historical writings of the period of feudalism. Novosibirsk, 1989, pp. 180-220.
6. Ogloblin N.N. Obozrenie stolbcov i knig Sibirskogo prikaza (1592-1768 gg.) v 4 chastyah [Review of columns and books of the Siberian Order (1592-1768) in 4 parts]. Moscow, 1895, Part 3, 394 p.
7. Okladnikov A.P. Ocherki iz istorii zapadnyh buryat-mongolov [Essays from the history of the Western Buryat Mongols]. Leningrad, 1937, 428 p.
8. Vershinin E.V. Detective D.L. Polyanskogo: delo mangazejskogo voevody M.S. Volchkova [Polyansky: the case of the Mangazey voivode M.S. Volchkov]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Proceedings of the Ural State University. 2005,no. 39, pp. 27-35.
9. Akishin M. O. Policejskoe gosudarstvo i sibirskoe obshchestvo. Epoha Petra Velikogo [The police state and Siberian society. The era of Peter the Great]. Novosibirsk, 1996, 226 p.
10. Baranov P.P., Shaposhnikov A.A. Delo knyazya M. P. Gagarina: nachalo rossijskogo audita [The case of Prince M. P. Gagarin: the heginning of the Russian audit]. Ekonomicheskaya istoriya Rossii – The economic history of Russia. 2016, no. 10, pp. 173-174.
11. Tolochko A.P., Konovalov I.A. Bor'by s korrupciej v verhnih eshelonah vlasti v Sibiri v pervoj polovine XVIII v. [The fight against corruption in the upper echelons of power in Siberia in the first half of the XVIII century]. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya «Istoricheskie nauki» – Vestnik of Omsk University. The series "Historical Sciences". 2022. Vol. 9. No. 3 (35). Pp. 27-30.
12. Gergilev D.N. Sibir' v sisteme upravleniya administrativnyh preobrazovanij Petra I [Siberia in the management system of administrative transformations of Peter the Great]. Vestnik Sibirskogo yuridicheskogo instituta MVD Rossii – Vestnik of the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2010, pp. 118-123.
13. Korsakov V. Gagarin knyaz' Matvej Petrovich [Gagarin Prince Matvey Petrovich] Russkij biograficheskij slovar' – Russian biographical dictionary. Moscow, 1914, vol. IV. P. 80.
14. Kostetskaya E.V. Sledstvie po delu knyazya M. P. Gagarina v kontekste razvitiya sistemy gosudarstvennogo kontrolya v pervoj chetverti XVIII veka [The investigation into the case of Prince M. P. Gagarin in the context of the development of the system of state control in the first quarter of the XVIII century]. Nauchnyj dialog – Scientific dialogue. 2023,
15. Serov D.O. Vysshie administratory pod sudom Petra I: Iz istorii ugolovnoj yusticii Rossii pervoj chetverti XVIII v. [Higher administrators under the court of Peter the Great: From the history of criminal justice in Russia in the first quarter of the XVIII century]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2: Gumanitarnye nauki –Izvestiya Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Series 2: umanities.2005, no. 39,pp. 47–63.
16. Serov D.O. Gvardejcy i fiskaly Petra I v bor'be s lihoimcami i kaznokradami: materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii «Novacii yuridicheskoj nauki i praktiki kak faktor garmonizacii vzaimootnoshenij lichnosti, obshchestva i gosudarstva»[Guards and fiscal officers of Peter the Great in the fight against extortionists and embezzlers: materials of the international scientific and practical conference "Innovations in legal science and practice as a factor in harmonizing the relationship of personality, society and the state"]. Novosibirsk, 2017, pp. 99–101.
17. Golovachev P. Sibir' v Ekaterininskoj komissii. Etyud po istorii Sibiri XVIII veka [Siberia in the Catherine Commission. A study on the history of Siberia of the XVIII century]. Moscow, 1889, 127 p.
18. Berkh V. N. ZHizneopisanie General-Lejtenanta V.I. Gennina, osnovatelya Rossijskih gornyh zavodov [The biography of Lieutenant General V.I. Gennin, the founder of Russian mining plants]. Gornyj zhurnal – Mining Journal. 1826, no 4, pp. 128-135.
19. Yadrincev N.M. Sibir', kak koloniya: K yubileyu trehsotletiya: Sovrem. polozhenie Sibiri. Ee nuzhdy i potrebnosti. Ee proshloe i buduschee [Siberia as a colony: On the occasion of the tercentenary: We will tell the truth. the position of Siberia. Her needs and wants. Her past and future]. St. Petersburg, 1882, 471 p.
20. Gauthier Yu.V. Sledstvennye komissii po zloupotrebleniyam oblastnyh vlastej v XVIII veke. Sbornik statej, posvyashchennyh Vasiliyu Osipovichu Klyuchevskomu ego uchenikami, druz'yami i pochitatelyami ko dnyu tridcatiletiya ego professorskoj deyatel'nosti v Moskovskom universitete (5 dekabrya 1879 - 5 dekabrya 1909 goda). CH. 1. [Investigative commissions on abuses of regional authorities in the XVIII century. Collection of articles dedicated to Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky by his students, friends and admirers on the day of the thirtieth anniversary of his professorial activity at Moscow University (December 5, 1879 - December 5, 1909). Part 1]. Moscow, 1909. 416 p.
21. Irkutskaya letopis' (letopisi P.I. Pezhemskogo i V.A. Krotova) [The Irkutsk Chronicle (the chronicles of P.I. Pezhemsky and V.A. Krotov)]. Irkutsk, 1911. 418 p.
22. Bumagi IZ Dela o general-prokurore A.I. Glebove i sibirskom sledovatele Krylove [Papers from the Case of Prosecutor General A.I.Glebov and Siberian investigator Krylov]. Sbornik Imperatorskogo Russkogo istoricheskogo obshchestva – Collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Society. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: 1867, 558 p.
23. Schukin N.S. Krylov sledovatel' v Sibiri (Iz irkutskoj hroniki 1758-1761 goda) [Krylov sledovatel' v Sibiri (Iz irkutskoy hroniki 1758-1761 goda)]. Luch – Luch. 1866, pp. 186–201.
24. Shashkov S. S. Sobranie sochinenij: [V 2 t.]. Istoricheskie ocherki [Collected works: [In 2 vols.]. Historical essays]. St. Petersburg, 1898,668 p.
25. Shakherov V.P. Sud'ba irkutskogsho kupca Ivana Bechevina v kontekste vzaimorotnosheniya vlasti i sibirskogo predprinimatel'stva serediny XVIII veka [The fate of the Irkutsk merchant Ivan Bechevin in the context of the relationship between power and Siberian entrepreneurship in the middle of the XVIII century]. Istoricheskij kur'er – Historical Courier. 2023, no. 5 (31), pp. 251-259.
26. Istoriya Sibiri s drevnejshih vremen do nashih dnej (v 5 tomah): Sibir' v sostave feodal'noj Rossii [The history of Siberia from ancient times to the present day (in 5 volumes): Siberia as part of feudal Russia]. Leningrad, 1968, 538 p.
27. Khomuk N.V. Kalashnikova «Doch' kupca ZHolobova» i sibirskoe barokko [Kalashnikov's novel "Merchant Zholobov's Daughter" and the Siberian Baroque]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Bulletin of Tomsk State University. 2014. No. 388, pp. 35-41.
28. Shashkov S.S. Istoricheskie etyudy [Historical sketches]. St. Petersburg, 1872,332 p.
29. Yadrintsev N.M. Siberia as a colony: To the anniversary of the tercentenary: Modern. the situation of Siberia. Her needs and requirements. Her past and future / [Op.] N.M. Yadrintseva. St. Petersburg: type by M.M. Stasyulevich, 1882, 471 p.
